Enhancing Electrochemical Performance, Bandgap Tunability, andMorphology Transition of CdS via Acoustic Shock Wave Exposure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66000/3110-9772.2025.01.02Keywords:
CdS, Tunable bandgap, Morphology transition, Improved electrochemical performanceAbstract
As global demand for efficient energy storage systems increases, supercapacitors emerged as a promising candidate due to their high-power density, long cycle life, and rapid charge-discharge capability. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is an II-VI semiconductor, offers potential as an electrode material but is limited by conventional synthesis routes that fail to optimize its structural and electrochemical characteristics. This current study introduces a novel method of acoustic shock wave treatment to enhance the electrochemical performance of CdS. Using a semi-automatic Reddy tube CdS is subjected to 300 shock pulses with a Mach number of 1.5, a pressure of 0.59 MPa, and a temperature of 520K, resulting in a XRD peak shift without structural degradation, bandgap reduction from 2.37 to 2.25 eV, and a morphology change from rod- to cube-shaped structures (FE-SEM). BET analysis revealed that the surface area increased from 1.07 to 2.10 m²/g and an average pore diameter reduction from 19.70 to 9.50 nm. Electrochemical measurements showed increased specific capacitance for 300 shock pulses from 266 to 268 F g-1 at 5 mV s-1 and from 128 to 142 F g-1 at 100 mV s-1, along with increased capacitive contribution from 75% to 78% at 5 mV s-1 and from 93% to 94% at 100 mV s-1 and improved ion diffusion kinetics. After 300 shock pulses sample also exhibited a significant reduction in bulk resistance from 6.613 × 103 to 1.262 × 103 Ω, increased bulk conductivity from 1.51 × 10-4 to 7.92 × 10-4 W m-1 K-1, and enhanced bulk capacitance from 7.90 × 10-6 to 9.81 × 10-6 F. Additionally, cyclic stability improved, with capacitance retention rising from 63.3% to 71.4% after shock wave treatment. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of acoustic shock wave treatment in tailoring material properties for energy storage applications, offering a scalable strategy for the development of next-generation supercapacitor electrodes.
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